Most of the state’s land has a continental climate, with long and cool winters and short summers. The temperature amplitude in summer and winter varies to a significant extent and with a relatively low rainfall. In January, the average heat forms - 6 ° C (45 ° F) on the southeast coast of the Dark Sea. A record low heat - 71 ° C (-96 ° F) was fixed in 1974 on the lands of the northeastern village of Oymyakon in Siberia, it was an exceptionally low heat that was ever fixed all over the world in a inhabited area. In most of Siberia, the soil never melts more than half a meter.
The annual amount of precipitation varies from 64–76 cm in the European range to 5 cm in parts of Central Asia. In the tundra, winter is endless, and summer lasts 1 or 2 months, and for 8-12 months there is snowfall or rain. For distant northern forests, as well as for most of the state’s land, endless menacing winters, short summers and very short spring and autumn are characteristic. The rainfall is small, but it falls throughout the year, within 53 cm in the Capital and 20-25 cm in eastern Siberia. The steppe lands are dominated by rather frosty winters and hot, dry summers.